Category: ABCs Series

It is defined as the inflammation of the bile duct due to bacterial infection ascending
from the duodenum.

Renal transplant is the curative treatment for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).

An inguinal hernia is defined as the protrusion of pelvic or abdominal contents through the inguinal canal and emerging out of the external inguinal ring; presenting as a visible or palpable bulge. Surgery is the mainstay of management.

The anterior cruciate ligament is an important stabiliser of the knee joint as it is the primary resistance to forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. ACL tears are very common to the knee joint with a prevalence of 30 cases per 100 000 per year.

Intussusception is the process in which a segment of intestine (the intussusceptum) invaginates/ telescopes into
the adjoining intestinal lumen (the intussuscipiens), causing bowel obstruction.

Achalasia is a primary motility disorder of the oesophagus.

Urolithiasis is a term used to describe the formation of calcifications (AKA stones or calculi) in the urinary tract.

Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that
account for 8-10% of intracranial tumours.

This non-cancerous condition is characterized by an overgrowth of prostate tissue and the presence of urinary symptoms, mostly in men aged 50 years or older.

With an incidence of roughly 0.1-0.2% of the population per year, a peptic ulcer is a break in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, extending through to the muscular layer of the bowel wall.