Author: Chamath Gunawardena

It is defined as the inflammation of the bile duct due to bacterial infection ascending
from the duodenum.

Renal transplant is the curative treatment for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).

An inguinal hernia is defined as the protrusion of pelvic or abdominal contents through the inguinal canal and emerging out of the external inguinal ring; presenting as a visible or palpable bulge. Surgery is the mainstay of management.

The anterior cruciate ligament is an important stabiliser of the knee joint as it is the primary resistance to forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. ACL tears are very common to the knee joint with a prevalence of 30 cases per 100 000 per year.

Intussusception is the process in which a segment of intestine (the intussusceptum) invaginates/ telescopes into
the adjoining intestinal lumen (the intussuscipiens), causing bowel obstruction.